What type of medication promotes water loss in the urine by decreasing body fluid levels?

Diuretics are medications that promote water loss in the urine by acting on the kidneys. They work by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the renal tubules, which leads to an increase in urine production. As a result, the body excretes more fluid, reducing overall body fluid levels.

Diuretics are commonly used to treat conditions such as hypertension, heart failure, and edema, where excess fluid accumulation is a concern. By facilitating the removal of excess fluid, diuretics help to manage these conditions effectively.

The other options do not serve this purpose. Expectorants are used to loosen and expel mucus from the airways, not to promote fluid loss. Vasodilators work by widening blood vessels to improve blood flow and lower blood pressure, but they do not primarily influence urine production. Corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory agents that can retain fluid and increase blood pressure, rather than promote its loss through urine.