Pharmacy Technician Certification Board Practice Exam

Which side effect is common among most antibiotics?

1. Immunosuppression

2. Diarrhea

3. Cough

4. Muscle pain

The correct answer is: Diarrhea

Diarrhea is a common side effect associated with most antibiotics due to the disruption of the normal gut microbiota. Antibiotics work by targeting and eradicating bacteria; however, they can also affect beneficial bacteria in the intestines. This imbalance can lead to gastrointestinal disturbances, including diarrhea. The severity and occurrence of diarrhea can vary among individuals and different types of antibiotics, but it is widely recognized as a potential side effect. Immunosuppression is not a typical side effect of antibiotics; instead, it is more closely linked to medications that intentionally suppress the immune system, such as certain cancer treatments or steroids. Cough is generally not a side effect of antibiotics, but rather a symptom of infection that antibiotics may be prescribed to treat. Muscle pain is not commonly associated with antibiotic use and may relate more to other medications or underlying health conditions. Understanding these mechanisms helps reinforce the importance of monitoring for gastrointestinal side effects when prescribing or taking antibiotics.